京峰教育-Linux技术论坛-Postfix虚拟用户配置

admin 发表于 2026-10-9 13:06:58

通过如上章节的配置，使用系统用户可以登录到postfix邮件服务器，并且进行邮件的发送和接收，为了管理的方便和系统安全，一般通过postfix虚拟用户来管理邮件用户的。 Postfix虚拟用户的原理：基于系统中创建的一个映射用户，该用户不能登录到系统，然后将其他虚拟用户全部映射到该系统用户所属目录。 对于操作系统来说所有的操作均是通过该系统用户进行的，但是对于postfix的邮件用户来说又是各自独立的。Postfix虚拟用户与Vsftpd虚拟用户相似，所有的虚拟用户或者系统用户可以通过Postfixadmin来进行管理。 配置Postfix SMTP认证基于MYSQL数据库，读取MYSQL虚拟用户配置： 修改Postfix真实用户的uid和gid，命令如下： usermod-u 1000 postfix groupmod -g 1000 postfix chown-Rpostfix.postfix /var/spool/mail/ 创建postfix主配置文件mail.cf内容为如下： queue_directory = /var/spool/postfix command_directory = /usr/sbin daemon_directory = /usr/libexec/postfix data_directory = /var/lib/postfix mail_owner = postfix myhostname = mail.jingfengjiaoyu.com mydomain = jingfengjiaoyu.com myorigin = $mydomain inet_interfaces = all inet_protocols = ipv4 #mydestination = localhost #mydestination = $myhostname,localhost.$mydomain,localhost,$mydomain unknown_local_recipient_reject_code = 550 #mynetworks = 192.168.0.0/24,127.0.0.0/8 mynetworks = 0.0.0.0/0 relay_domains = $mydestination alias_maps = hash:/etc/aliases alias_database = hash:/etc/aliases debug_peer_level = 2 debugger_command = PATH=/bin:/usr/bin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/X11R6/bin ddd $daemon_directory/$process_name $process_id & sleep 5 sendmail_path = /usr/sbin/sendmail.postfix newaliases_path = /usr/bin/newaliases.postfix mailq_path = /usr/bin/mailq.postfix setgid_group = postdrop html_directory = no manpage_directory = /usr/share/man sample_directory = /usr/share/doc/postfix-2.6.6/samples readme_directory = /usr/share/doc/postfix-2.6.6/README_FILES #Config Virtual Mailbox Settings 2026 virtual_minimum_uid = 100 virtual_mailbox_base = /var/spool/mail virtual_mailbox_maps = mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql_virtual_mailbox_maps.cf virtual_mailbox_domains = mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql_virtual_domains_maps.cf virtual_alias_domains = $virtual_alias_maps virtual_alias_maps = mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql_virtual_alias_maps.cf virtual_uid_maps = static:1000 virtual_gid_maps = static:1000 virtual_transport = virtual maildrop_destination_recipient_limit = 1 maildrop_destination_concurrency_limit = 1 #ConfigQUOTA2026 message_size_limit = 52428800 mailbox_size_limit = 209715200 virtual_mailbox_limit = 209715200 virtual_create_maildirsize = yes virtual_mailbox_extended = yes virtual_mailbox_limit_maps = mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql_virtual_mailbox_limit_maps.cf virtual_mailbox_limit_override = yes virtual_maildir_limit_message = Sorry, the user's maildir has overdrawn his diskspace quota, please try again later. virtual_overquota_bounce = yes #Config SASL 2026 broken_sasl_auth_clients = yes smtpd_recipient_restrictions = permit_mynetworks,permit_sasl_authenticated,reject_invalid_hostname,reject_non_fqdn_hostname,reject_unknown_sender_domain,reject_non_fqdn_sender,reject_non_fqdn_recipient,reject_unknown_recipient_domain,reject_unauth_pipelining,reject_unauth_destination,permit smtpd_sasl_auth_enable = yes smtpd_sasl_type = dovecot smtpd_sasl_path = /var/run/dovecot/auth-client smtpd_sasl_local_domain = $myhostname smtpd_sasl_security_options = noanonymous smtpd_sasl_application_name = smtpd smtpd_banner=$myhostname SMTP "Version not Available" 创建POSTFIX读取MYSQL配置信息： cat>/etc/postfix/mysql_virtual_alias_maps.cf<<EOF user = postfix password = postfix hosts = localhost dbname = postfix table = alias select_field = goto where_field = address EOF cat>/etc/postfix/mysql_virtual_domains_maps.cf<<EOF user = postfix password = postfix hosts = localhost dbname = postfix table = domain select_field = description where_field = domain EOF cat>/etc/postfix/mysql_virtual_mailbox_limit_maps.cf<<EOF user = postfix password = postfix hosts = localhost dbname = postfix table = mailbox select_field = quota where_field = username EOF cat>/etc/postfix/mysql_virtual_mailbox_maps.cf<<EOF user = postfix password = postfix hosts = localhost dbname = postfix table = mailbox select_field = maildir where_field = username EOF mysql_virtual_mailbox_maps.cf：服务器邮箱文件的存储路径。 mysql_virtual_domains_maps.cf：邮件服务器上所有的虚拟域。 mysql_virtual_alias_maps.cf：邮件服务器上虚拟别名和实际邮件地址间的对应关系。 mysql_virtual_mailbox_limit_maps.cf：服务器上邮箱的一些限制参数。 如上配置文件可以供Postfix读取数据库表。 默认是基于hash:/etc/aliases查询表，哈希文件，文件的路径是/etc/aliases。Postfix在需要的时候读取这些配置信息，然后根据这些配置信息的指示，到另外的文件或者数据库中去读取实际的数据。 创建数据库并授权： create database postfix charset=utf8; grant all privileges on postfix.* to postfix@'localhost' identified by "postfix"; flush privileges; 修改postfixadmin配置文件数据库连接信息： <img src="https://bbs.jfedu.net/jf_imgs/image835.png" alt="" style="max-width:100%;"> 通过Postfixamin创建4个虚拟用户，如图所示： <img src="https://bbs.jfedu.net/jf_imgs/image836.png" alt="" style="max-width:100%;"> 配置Dovecot服务，修改dovecot.conf配置文件代码如下： #/etc/dovecot/dovecot.conf #OpenEuler: Linux 2.6.32 #2026年7月1日09:53:30 auth_mechanisms = PLAIN LOGIN #auth_mechanisms = PLAIN LOGIN CRAM-MD5 DIGEST-MD5 disable_plaintext_auth = no first_valid_uid = 1000 listen = * mail_location = maildir:/var/spool/mail/%d/%n managesieve_notify_capability = mailto managesieve_sieve_capability = fileinto reject envelope encoded-character vacation subaddress comparator-i;ascii-numeric relational regex imap4flags copy include variables body enotify environment mailbox date passdb { args = /etc/dovecot/mysql.conf driver = sql } protocols = imap pop3 service auth { unix_listener auth-client { group = postfix mode = 0660 user = postfix } } ssl = no userdb { args = /etc/dovecot/mysql.conf driver = sql } 创建Dovecot连接MYSQL认证，配置文件 /etc/dovecot/mysql.conf代码如下： driver = mysql connect = host=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock dbname=postfix user=postfix password=postfix default_pass_scheme = MD5 password_query = SELECT password FROM mailbox WHERE username = '%u' user_query = SELECT maildir, 1000 AS uid, 1000 AS gid FROM mailbox WHERE username = '%u' 使用虚拟用户登录RoundCube，如图所示： <img src="https://bbs.jfedu.net/jf_imgs/image837.png" alt="" style="max-width:100%;"> <img src="https://bbs.jfedu.net/jf_imgs/image838.png" alt="" style="max-width:100%;">

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